The occurrence of front beam fracture in crawler tractors has become a common phenomenon in recent times. To understand this occurrence, we can take some commonly used models as examples to analyze the causes behind it.
1. Improper use and operation
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- Harsh acceleration and abrupt stopping, driving at excessive speeds on rugged and bumpy terrain, failure to reduce speed when encountering obstacles like ridges, ditches, or fields, frequent sharp turns or pivots, applying excessive force during bulldozing operations - all of these actions can cause the front beam to endure powerful impacts and vibrations.
- The front beam of a vehicle can suffer significant strain when subjected to certain driving behaviors, such as sudden starts and stops, fast travel over uneven surfaces, neglecting to slow down when crossing bumps or other barriers, frequent aggressive turns or spins, and using excessive force during bulldozing work. These actions can create substantial impact and vibration in the beam.
- If a driver operates a vehicle in a reckless or careless manner, it can result in intense stress and vibration on the front beam. This might include behaviors like rapid acceleration and deceleration, driving too quickly on rough or jagged ground, neglecting to slow down for obstacles like ditches or fields, taking sharp turns with heavy loads, or pushing too hard when bulldozing. In each of these scenarios, the front beam may be subjected to powerful impacts and vibrations.
2. Poor maintenance
One of the causes of track system malfunction is an improper track length. When the track is too short, it results in over-compression of the buffer spring. Similarly, when the track is too long, the guide wheel shaft is adjusted to the front dead center position leading to a weakened or lost effect of the buffer spring. When the machine encounters obstacles during operation, the front beam shaft hole may suffer damage due to excessive impact. Therefore, it's crucial to ensure the appropriate track length to avoid these issues.
The guide wheel shaft can become stuck in the bushing if the shaft sleeve is not lubricated properly or is poorly lubricated. This can lead to the shaft becoming fixed in place, preventing it from swinging back and forth when the tractor encounters obstacles while driving. As a result, the impact force caused by such obstacles is directly transferred to the shaft hole of the front beam, thereby causing cracks to form in the front beam. It is therefore important to ensure that the shaft sleeve receives timely and sufficient lubrication to prevent such issues from arising.
Loose bolts fastening the front beam have been identified as the root cause of the problem. The infrequent inspection of the front beam's fastening resulted in the delayed tightening of the bolts after being loosened, causing the beam to move about in the frame girder. When the tractor faces obstacles while driving, the front beam is subjected to immense impact force, leading to its breakdown at either the shaft hole or screw hole.
Due to neglectful maintenance and irregular inspections, the shaft of the tractor's front beam has slowly eroded the bushing, causing the shaft to shift within it. As a result, when the tractor encounters obstacles during operation, the front beam shaft hole takes a violent hit and cracks due to the prior wear and tear.
3. Unreasonable installation
(2) The installation of the girder involves forcibly restoring its deformation. In particular, the deformation occurs in the front section of the girder, resulting in outward bending or twisting. During the installation of the front beam, a method is employed to tighten the bolt, which in turn prestresses the front beam. However, this increased stress can make the front beam vulnerable to damage from any impact force on the tractor guide wheel.
The fracturing of the front beam due to a hard row reset after the detachment of the track is a major issue. Being challenging to disassemble and reassemble the track while at the job site, operators opt to squeeze the pad tightly to tension the track once the belt is removed. They then proceed to start the tractor to pry the guide wheels and rollers into the walking slide of the track. This approach has a downside effect of exerting a massive force on the guide wheel shaft, causing the deformation of components such as the steering shaft, guide wheel, adjustment lead screw, and rear axle, eventually leading to the breakage of the front beam.